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| In the small villages of a coastal nation, craft art is brisk business, and bargaining over tradition is a good natured exercise between tourist and Tunisi - and as often, between Tunisians themselves. Tunisian craftsmen are skilled in techniques passed down through centuries, and their wares adorn prayer halls and house walls. Brassware, ceramic pottery, and woven rugs have been serving traditional functions in the Tunisian home since long before the first tourist excited at their beauty. Artisans craft their wares with a special blend of African and European aesthetics to suit their countrymen’s uniquely North African tastes. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| The carpets of Kairouan have a long history in the region; once upon a time, when Carthage was a dominant trade port shipping goods across the Mediterranean region and beyond the Asiatic coast, Carthaginian rugs were a luxury item in Greece. So valued were these commodities by the early centuries of Islam, Umayyad and Abbasid governors would pay tribute to the capital at Baghdad in the currency of carpets from Ifriqiyya, as Tunisia was called then. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Domestic Tapestries | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Carpet creation in Tunisia takes place among groups of women who transform the weaving of each textile into a social event, threading and knotting while chatting about family and village affairs. In Kairouan, several variations of carpets are produced in Kairouan. These include short-nap and pile rugs. Short-nap rugs are designed either as klims, striped with wide bands that alternate in color, or as mergoums, woven with complex designs and diamonds shapes set against a neutral background. Some mergoums imitate the traditional tapestries of Gafsa - famous for the stylized depiction of human and animal forms - and are thus a bit like abstract paintings in a woolen weave. By comparison, pile rugs, or zerhiyas, typically depict abstract landscapes or scenes from nature and feature a stylized floral border. The use of undyed natural wool is common. While klims are characteristically made from wool, zerhiyas are sometimes fashioned of silk. Kebili, Ain Draham, also are recognized centers of rug weaving. |
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| Clay Canvases | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Not to be overshadowed by the skilled weavers of Kairouan, the potters of Djerba and Sejnane have been turning out their wares since the start of civilization – Djerba pots being amongst the earliest produced in the Mediterranean region. Although Tunisian wares today are often used as an accent pieces in a living room or office, at one time large ceramic urns were used to store goods aboard trade vessels moving across land and sea. Though they traveled far, across trade routes to Egypt, Phoenicia, and Greece, uses for this durable craft were always found just steps from the kiln. Everyday crockery in classical shapes served practical purposes, as storage containers in the home and as meal servers in the kitchen. Ceramic styles vary by village. While some villages continue to produce more conventional forms like bowls and dishes, in others potters experiment with form, rendering shapes limited more by intended function than by imagination. Classical shapes are still often preferred for the simple canvases they provide. In many villages, there is an interest in producing pieces that are authentic to the region. The small town of Sejnane, for example, is known for molded provincial shapes and historically authentic red and black designs. Working on crude, make-shift potter’s wheels - sometimes engineered from the flip-side of a metal pan placed over a wooden plank - the potter will pinch to perfection an inconspicuous lump of clay, rapidly transforming it into a curvaceous vase or urn. Sejnane pots are typically decorated with simple geometric lines and naïve figuratives in neutral colors – buff, red-ochre, and black. Djerba, Barrama, and Nabeul are also important centers for Tunisian pottery. Barrama pots are noted for their simple forms and curves, red slip decoration, and authentically Berber design motifs – lines, stitches, diamonds, and V shapes. Djerba ceramics are meanwhile characterized either by their antimonious yellow bottoms and decorations rendered in copper verdigris, or by the sheen of their smooth and entirely glazed-green surfaces. Enamel pottery is a Nabeul specialty, and ceramic pieces are rendered with bright pastel glazes on a white background. In this small town, blue, green and sometimes orange designs are painted on the canvases of ornamental plates, dishes, jugs, and vases. Another characteristic design motif to be found here is in the green-yellow color combination. Tunisian potters commonly turn out general flatware and everyday kitchen items. But these are no ordinary dishes. Hand-painted by the artisan using stylized floral and geometric motifs or etched and pierced through to render various designs, this crockery is nothing short of spectacular. At their best, they allow the cook to serve up a bit of art with that artichoke and lamb stew. |
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